Also see Flu and Grippe programs.Encyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza- Flu - Influenza viruses A, B, and C (Orthomyxovirus)Encyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza (flu) vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant): What you need to know. 1. Why get vaccinated? Influenza ('flu') is a contagious disease that spreads around the United States every year, usually between October and May. Flu is caused by influenza viruses, and is spread mainly by coughing, sneezing, and close contact. Anyone can get flu. Flu strikes suddenly and can last several days. Symptoms vary by age, but can include: Fever/chills Sore throat Muscle aches Fatigue Cough Headache Runny or stuffy nose Flu can also lead to pneumonia and blood infections, and cause diarrhea and seizures in children. If you have a medical condition, such as heart or lung disease, flu can make it worse. Flu is more dangerous for some people. Infants and young children, people 65 years of age and older, pregnant women, and people with certain health conditions or a weakened immune system are at greatest risk. Each year thousands of people in the United States die from flu , and many more are hospitalized. Flu vaccine can: Keep you from getting flu, Make flu less severe if you do get it, and Keep you from spreading flu to your family and other people. 2. Inactivated and recombinant flu vaccines A dose of flu vaccine is recommended every flu season. Children 6 months through 8 years of age may need 2 doses during the same flu season. Everyone else needs only one dose each flu season. Some inactivated flu vaccines contain a very small amount of a mercury-based preservative called thimerosal. Studies have not shown thimerosal in vaccines to be harmful, but flu vaccines that do not contain thimerosal are available. There is no live flu virus in flu shots. They cannot cause the flu. There are many flu viruses, and they are always changing. Each year a new flu vaccine is made to protect against 3 or 4 viruses that are likely to cause disease in the upcoming flu season. But even when the vaccine doesn't exactly match these viruses, it may still provide some protection. Flu vaccine cannot prevent: Flu that is caused by a virus not covered by the vaccine, or Illnesses that look like flu but are not. It takes about 2 weeks for protection to develop after vaccination, and protection lasts through the flu season. 3. Some people should not get this vaccine Tell the person who is giving you the vaccine: If you have any severe, life-threatening allergies. If you ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction after a dose of flu vaccine, or have a severe allergy to any part of this vaccine, you may be advised not to get vaccinated. Most, but not all, types of flu vaccine contain a small amount of egg protein. If you ever had Guillain-Barr Syndrome (also called GBS). Some people with a history of GBS should not get this vaccine. This should be discussed with your doctor. If you are not feeling well. It is usually okay to get flu vaccine when you have a mild illness, but you might be asked to come back when you feel better. 4. Risks of a vaccine reaction With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of reactions. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible. Most people who get a flu shot do not have any problems with it. Minor problems following a flu shot include: Soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given Hoarseness Sore, red or itchy eyes Cough Fever Aches Headache Itching Fatigue If these problems occur, they usually begin soon after the shot and last 1 or 2 days. More serious problems following a flu shot can include the following: There may be a small increased risk of Guillain-Barr Syndrome (GBS) after inactivated flu vaccine. This risk has been estimated at 1 or 2 additional cases per million people vaccinated. This is much lower than the risk of severe complications from flu, which can be prevented by flu vaccine. Young children who get the flu shot along with pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and/or DTaP vaccine at the same time might be slightly more likely to have a seizure caused by fever. Ask your doctor for more information. Tell your doctor if a child who is getting flu vaccine has ever had a seizure. Problems that could happen after any injected vaccine: People sometimes faint after a medical procedure, including vaccination. Sitting or lying down for about 15 minutes can help prevent fainting, and injuries caused by a fall. Tell your doctor if you feel dizzy, or have vision changes or ringing in the ears. Some people get severe pain in the shoulder and have difficulty moving the arm where a shot was given. This happens very rarely. Any medication can cause a severe allergic reaction. Such reactions from a vaccine are very rare, estimated at about 1 in a million doses, and would happen within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a serious injury or death. The safety of vaccines is always being monitored. For more information, visit www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety. 5. What if there is a serious reaction? What should I look for? Look for anything that concerns you, such as signs of a severe allergic reaction, very high fever, or unusual behavior. Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, and weakness usually within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. What should I do? If you think it is a severe allergic reaction or other emergency that can't wait, call 9-1-1 and get the person to the nearest hospital. Otherwise, call your doctor. Reactions should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Your doctor should file this report, or you can do it yourself through the VAERS web site at www.vaers.hhs.gov , or by calling 1-800-822-7967. VAERS does not give medical advice. 6. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a federal program that was created to compensate people who may have been injured by certain vaccines. Persons who believe they may have been injured by a vaccine can learn about the program and about filing a claim by calling 1-800-338-2382 or visiting the VICP website at www.benefits.gov/es/benefits/benefit-details/641. There is a time limit to file a claim for compensation. 7. How can I learn more? Ask your healthcare provider. He or she can give you the vaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information. Call your local or state health department. Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Call 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) or visit CDC's website at www.cdc.gov/flu.Influenza vaccines Influenza vaccines.Vaccine Information Statement. Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant): What you need to know. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.html. Accessed August 10, 2015.Encyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza (Flu) vaccine (Live, Intranasal): What you need to know. Why get vaccinated? Influenza ('flu') is a contagious disease that spreads around the United States every year, usually between October and May. Flu is caused by influenza viruses, and is spread mainly by coughing, sneezing, and close contact. Anyone can get flu. Flu strikes suddenly and can last several days. Symptoms vary by age, but can include: Fever/chills Sore throat Muscle aches Fatigue Cough Headache Runny or stuffy nose Flu can also lead to pneumonia and blood infections, and cause diarrhea and seizures in children. If you have a medical condition, such as heart or lung disease, flu can make it worse. Flu is more dangerous for some people. Infants and young children, people 65 years of age and older, pregnant women, and people with certain health conditions or a weakened immune system are at greatest risk. Each year thousands of people in the United States die from flu , and many more are hospitalized. Flu vaccine can: Keep you from getting flu, Make flu less severe if you do get it, and Keep you from spreading flu to your family and other people. Live, attenuated flu vaccine - LAIV, Nasal Spray A dose of flu vaccine is recommended every flu season. Children younger than 9 years of age may need 2 doses during the same flu season. Everyone else needs only 1 dose each flu season. The live, attenuated influenza vaccine (called LAIV) may be given to healthy, non-pregnant people 2 through 49 years of age. It may safely be given at the same time as other vaccines. LAIV is sprayed into the nose. LAIV does not contain thimerosal or other preservatives. It is made from weakened flu virus and does not cause flu. There are many flu viruses, and they are always changing. Each year LAIV is made to protect against 4 viruses that are likely to cause disease in the upcoming flu season. But even when the vaccine doesn't exactly match these viruses, it may still provide some protection. Flu vaccine cannot prevent: Flu that is caused by a virus not covered by the vaccine, or Illnesses that look like flu but are not. It takes about 2 weeks for protection to develop after vaccination, and protection lasts through the flu season. Some people should not get this vaccine Some people should not get LAIV because of age, health conditions, or other reasons. Most of these people should get an injected flu vaccine instead. Your healthcare provider can help you decide. Tell the provider if you or the person being vaccinated: Have any allergies, including an allergy to eggs, or have ever had an allergic reaction to an influenza vaccine. Have ever had Guillain-Barr Syndrome (also called GBS). Have any long-term heart, breathing, kidney, liver, or nervous system problems. Have asthma or breathing problems, or are a child who has had wheezing episodes. Are pregnant. Are a child or adolescent who is receiving aspirin or aspirin-containing products. Have a weakened immune system. Will be visiting or taking care of someone, within the next 7 days, who requires a protected environment (for example, following a bone marrow transplant). Sometimes LAIV should be delayed. Tell the provider if you or the person being vaccinated: Are not feeling well. The vaccine could be delayed until you feel better. Have gotten any other vaccines in the past 4 weeks. Live vaccines given too close together might not work as well. Have taken influenza antiviral medication in the past 48 hours. Have a very stuffy nose. Risks of a vaccine reaction With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of reactions. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible. Most people who get LAIV do not have any problems with it. Reactions to LAIV may resemble a very mild case of flu. Problems that have been reported following LAIV: Children and adolescents 2-17 years of age: Runny nose/nasal congestion Cough Fever Headache and muscle aches Wheezing Abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea Adults 18-49 years of age: Runny nose/nasal congestion Sore throat Cough Chills Tiredness/weakness Headache Problems that could happen after any vaccine: Any medication can cause a severe allergic reaction. Such reactions from a vaccine are very rare, estimated at about 1 in a million doses, and would happen within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. As with any medicine, there is a very small chance of a vaccine causing a serious injury or death. The safety of vaccines is always being monitored. For more information, visit: www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety. What if there is a serious reaction? What should I look for? Look for anything that concerns you, such as signs of a severe allergic reaction, very high fever, or unusual behavior. Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, and weakness. These would start a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. What should I do? If you think it is a severe allergic reaction or other emergency that can't wait, call 9-1-1 and get the person to the nearest hospital. Otherwise, call your doctor. Reactions should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Your doctor should file this report, or you can do it yourself through the VAERS web site at vaers.hhs.gov/index , or by calling 1-800-822-7967. VAERS does not give medical advice. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a federal program that was created to compensate people who may have been injured by certain vaccines. Persons who believe they may have been injured by a vaccine can learn about the program and about filing a claim by calling 1-800-338-2382 or visiting the VICP website at www.benefits.gov/benefits/benefit-details/641. There is a time limit to file a claim for compensation. How can I learn more? Ask your health care provider. He or she can give you the vaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information. Call your local or state health department. Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Call 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) or visit CDC's website at www.cdc.gov/flu.Influenza Influenza.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Live, intranasal influenza VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flulive.html. Updated July 11, 2018. Accessed October 9, 2018.Encyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza A virus. Influenzavirus A. Human, birds, pigs. Respiratory or Zoonosis, animal contact. Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza B virus. Influenzavirus B. Human,Respiratory, Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza C virus. Influenzavirus C. Human,Respiratory, Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza: Several influenza epidemics in the 20th century caused millions of deaths worldwide, including the worst epidemic in American history, the Spanish influenza outbreak that killed more than 500,000 in 1918. Today influenza is less of a public health threat, though it continues to be a serious disease that affects many people. Approximately 20,000 people die of the flu in the United States every year. The influenza virus attacks the human respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as fever, headaches, fatigue, coughing, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches.Encyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza A virus. Influenzavirus A. Human, birds, pigs. Respiratory or Zoonosis, animal contact. Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza B virus. Influenzavirus B. Human,Respiratory, Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza C virus. Influenzavirus C. Human,Respiratory, Associated with FluEncyclopedia Entry for Influenza :Influenza (flu). Source of disease: Orthomyxoviridae family