The brain relies on a healthy blood supply to function properly. This blood supply primarily comes from arteries in the brain and neck. When these arteries encounter problems, it can lead to two main types of cerebrovascular diseases: ischemic and hemorrhagic.

Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease occurs when the blood vessels that supply the brain become narrowed or blocked. This can happen due to conditions like cerebral arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries in the brain) or other factors. When blood flow is reduced or stopped, it disrupts the normal circulation to the brain, leading to damage in brain tissue. About 70% to 80% of cerebrovascular disease cases fall into this category.

Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease

Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease is caused by factors such as long-term high blood pressure or congenital vascular malformations in the brain. In this condition, blood vessels rupture or leak, causing blood to spill into the brain tissue. This can lead to increased pressure within the skull, affecting brain function. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of all cases.

Symptoms

Both types of cerebrovascular disease can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the extent and location of the damage. These symptoms may include:

• Disorientation
• Difficulty speaking or understanding language
• Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
• Changes in vision or coordination

Risk Factors

It's important for individuals to be aware of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, such as:

• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol

Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Seeking medical attention if any concerning symptoms occur is crucial. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage and improve outcomes for patients with cerebrovascular disease.