In 1978 an emerging virus, called canine parvovirus (CPV) was identified in the dog population; this virus was subsequently named CPV type 2 (CPV-2). The CPV-2 was distinct from the well-known parvovirus, canine minute virus (CnMV), which was formerly known as canine parvovirus type 1 . The CPV-2 virus induced hemorrhagic enteritis, severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leukopenia associated with a high mortality in infected dogs and spread into non-immune dog populations worldwide causing a pandemic. Furthermore, CPV-2 was responsible for myocarditis in puppies. Today, the prevalence of CPV antibodies in adult dogs is high due to vaccination and/or natural infection causing a high protective immunity status. Nevertheless, non-immune puppies that are 6 wk to 6 mo old are susceptible to CPV infection when there is loss of passive protection from maternal-derived antibodies (MDA), which are able to protect puppies against myocarditis .